g02bd computes means and standard deviations of variables, sums of squares and cross-products about zero, and correlation-like coefficients for a set of data.

Syntax

C#
public static void g02bd(
	int n,
	int m,
	double[,] x,
	double[] xbar,
	double[] std,
	double[,] sspz,
	double[,] rz,
	out int ifail
)
Visual Basic
Public Shared Sub g02bd ( _
	n As Integer, _
	m As Integer, _
	x As Double(,), _
	xbar As Double(), _
	std As Double(), _
	sspz As Double(,), _
	rz As Double(,), _
	<OutAttribute> ByRef ifail As Integer _
)
Visual C++
public:
static void g02bd(
	int n, 
	int m, 
	array<double,2>^ x, 
	array<double>^ xbar, 
	array<double>^ std, 
	array<double,2>^ sspz, 
	array<double,2>^ rz, 
	[OutAttribute] int% ifail
)
F#
static member g02bd : 
        n : int * 
        m : int * 
        x : float[,] * 
        xbar : float[] * 
        std : float[] * 
        sspz : float[,] * 
        rz : float[,] * 
        ifail : int byref -> unit 

Parameters

n
Type: System..::..Int32
On entry: n, the number of observations or cases.
Constraint: n2.
m
Type: System..::..Int32
On entry: m, the number of variables.
Constraint: m2.
x
Type: array<System..::..Double,2>[,](,)[,][,]
An array of size [dim1, m]
Note: dim1 must satisfy the constraint: dim1n
On entry: x[i-1,j-1] must be set to the value of xij, the ith observation on the jth variable, for i=1,2,,n and j=1,2,,m.
xbar
Type: array<System..::..Double>[]()[][]
An array of size [m]
On exit: xbar[j-1] contains the mean value, x-j, of the jth variable, for j=1,2,,m.
std
Type: array<System..::..Double>[]()[][]
An array of size [m]
On exit: the standard deviation, sj, of the jth variable, for j=1,2,,m.
sspz
Type: array<System..::..Double,2>[,](,)[,][,]
An array of size [dim1, m]
Note: dim1 must satisfy the constraint: dim1m
On exit: sspz[j-1,k-1] is the cross-product about zero, S~jk, for j=1,2,,m and k=1,2,,m.
rz
Type: array<System..::..Double,2>[,](,)[,][,]
An array of size [dim1, m]
Note: dim1 must satisfy the constraint: dim1m
On exit: rz[j-1,k-1] is the correlation-like coefficient, R~jk, between the jth and kth variables, for j=1,2,,m and k=1,2,,m.
ifail
Type: System..::..Int32%
On exit: ifail=0 unless the method detects an error or a warning has been flagged (see [Error Indicators and Warnings]).

Description

The input data consists of n observations for each of m variables, given as an array
xij,  i=1,2,,nn2,  j=1,2,,mm2,
where xij is the ith observation on the jth variable.
The quantities calculated are:
(a) Means:
x-j=1ni=1nxij,  j=1,2,,m.
(b) Standard deviations:
sj=1n-1i=1nxij-x-j2,  j=1,2,,m.
(c) Sums of squares and cross-products about zero:
S~jk=i=1nxijxik,  j,k=1,2,,m.
(d) Correlation-like coefficients:
R~jk=S~jkS~jjS~kk,  j,k=1,2,,m.
If S~jj or S~kk is zero, R~jk is set to zero.

References

None.

Error Indicators and Warnings

Errors or warnings detected by the method:
Some error messages may refer to parameters that are dropped from this interface (LDX, LDSSPZ, LDRZ) In these cases, an error in another parameter has usually caused an incorrect value to be inferred.
ifail=1
On entry,n<2.
ifail=2
On entry,m<2.
ifail=-9000
An error occured, see message report.
ifail=-6000
Invalid Parameters value
ifail=-4000
Invalid dimension for array value
ifail=-8000
Negative dimension for array value
ifail=-6000
Invalid Parameters value

Accuracy

g02bd does not use additional precision arithmetic for the accumulation of scalar products, so there may be a loss of significant figures for large n.

Parallelism and Performance

None.

Further Comments

The time taken by g02bd depends on n and m.
The method uses a two-pass algorithm.

Example

This example reads in a set of data consisting of five observations on each of three variables. The means, standard deviations, sums of squares and cross-products about zero, and correlation-like coefficients for all three variables are then calculated and printed.

Example program (C#): g02bde.cs

Example program data: g02bde.d

Example program results: g02bde.r

See Also